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Preface, Introductory Regional, and Topical Chapters

 

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Arrhakis, Daniel. 2016. A World Message to the United Nations. https://tinyurl.com/worldmessage2. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

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Crow, Genevieve. Japan Tsunami 2011. College of DuPage GIS Class, July 2022.

“Death Rate – Country Comparison.” 2019. Www.Indexmundi.Com. January 1, 2019. https://indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?t=0&v=26&I=en.

Fisher, Max. “Map: European Colonialism Conquered Every Country in the World but These Five.” Vox, June 24, 2014. https://www.vox.com/2014/6/24/5835320/map-in-the-whole-world-only-these-five-countries-escaped-european.

Geológicas, Banco de Imágenes. Desierto de Takla Makan (China) (NASA Terra-Modis). September 16, 2010. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/banco_imagenes_geologicas/4996897412/.

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Johnson, Steven. 2006. The Ghost Map : The Story of London’s Deadliest Epidemic, and How It Changed the Way We Think about Disease, Cities, Science, and the Modern World. New York: Riverhead ; London.

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Philippian, Samuel. East African Rift Valley. College of DuPage GIS Class. July 2022.

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Rydge, Richard. Buddhist Temple. July 25, 2016. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rikpiks/34423422053/.

Shepherd, Marshall. 2020. “Why Geography Is A Key Part Of Fighting The COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak.” Forbes. March 5, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2020/03/05/why-the-discipline-of-geography-is-a-key-part-of-the-coronavirus-fight/#7485aedb4f21.

Shiel, Jr., William C. 2018. “Definition of Medical Geography.” MedicineNet. December 11, 2018. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=18879.

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WorldAtlas. “10 Countries Who Were Never Colonized by Europeans,” August 27, 2019. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-who-were-never-colonized-by-europeans.html.

 

 

North Aftica and the Middle East (NAME)

 

Avis, William. “Border Disputes and Micro-Conflicts in South and Southeast Asia.” K4D – Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development, November 10, 2020, 1–24.

“Background – Seawater Desalination in Israel.” Israel Ministry of Finance, September 11, 2020. https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/project-water-desalination-background#:~:text=Today%20some%20585%20million%20m3,the%20Ashdod%20plant%20100%20million.

“Barchan Landforms – Crescentic Dune | Type of Sand Dune.” http://worldlandforms.com/landforms/barchan/ .

Barton, Alexandra. “Water In Crisis – Spotlight Middle East.” The Water Project, https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-middle-east#:~:text=Desalination%20plants%20are%20an%20overuse,Emirates%2C%20Kuwait%2C%20and%20Bahrain.&text=In%20addition%2C%20desalination%20is%20the%20most%20energy%2Dcosting%20water%20resource.

Bayyouck, Anthony. “Oasis Across the Middle East North Africa.” Arab America, December 20, 2021. https://www.arabamerica.com/oasis-across-the-middle-east-north-africa/.

Birkhofer, Jennifer. Rock bridge at Jebel Kharaz in the Wadi Rum Protected Area in Jordan. April 2022.

Bjoertvedt. English:  Fertile Crescent Neolithic B circa 7500 BC; Black Squares Indicate Pre-Agricultural Sites. April 22, 2019. This file has been extracted from another file:  Fertile Crescent 7500 BC NOR.PNG. Attribution-GFDL-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg.

Boggs, Samuel Whittemore. International Boundaries: A Study of Boundary Functions and Problems. New York: Columbia University Press, 1940.

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Diaz, Shirley Hall. Hot Air Balloons along the Nile River, Photo, 2022.

_____. Pyramids at Giza, Egypt. Photo. 2022.

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Haen-Darden, Stacie. Last Home of the Virgin Mary. Photo.

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Hesketh, T., and Z. W. Xing. 2006. “Abnormal Sex Ratios in Human Populations: Causes and Consequences.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (36): 13271–75. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602203103.

Jagielo, Wesley. Population Density in Egypt. College of DuPage GIS Class. May 2022.

Klein, David. “Mechanisms of Western Domination: A Short History of Iraq and Kuwait  ,” January 2003. http://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/iraqkuwait.html.

Kluge, Alexander. Dubai. April 6, 2015. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/alecmcint/17073134527/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0)

Knapp, Parker. Aden, Yemen. College of DuPage GIS class, July 2022.

_____. Key Rivers in North Africa and the Middle East. College of DuPage GIS class. July 2022.

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Lackner, Raiman Al-Hamdani, Helen. “War and Pieces: Political Divides in Southern Yemen – European Council on Foreign Relations.” ECFR, 22 Jan. 2020, https://ecfr.eu/publication/war_and_pieces_political_divides_in_southern_yemen/.

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Nouhailler, Patrick. Morocco. February 26, 2014. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/patrick_nouhailler/13711049295/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)

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Pattisson, Pete. “Workers at Qatar’s World Cup Stadiums Toil in Debt and Squalor.” The Guardian, September 20, 2022, sec. Global development. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/20/workers-qatar-world-cup-football-stadiums-toil-in-debt-and-squalor.

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Savage, Cynthia Gronewold. Ruins at Ephesus, Turkey. Photo, 2022.

_____. Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey. Photo, 2022.

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tayeh, nour. Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. 17 July 2020, https://unsplash.com/photos/wVY9tnVIIyQ.

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Thomas, Justin. “The Biggest Gender Imbalance? It’s Not in China.” The National, 2 Feb. 2010, https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/the-biggest-gender-imbalance-it-s-not-in-china-1.506222.

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Wibisono, Susilo, et al. “A Multidimensional Analysis of Religious Extremism.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10, 2019. Frontiers, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02560.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

 

andavis86. Muizenberg – South Africa. Photo, 20 May 2013. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/andavis86/8838143526/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Beene, La Tonya. South Africa Capital Cities. College of DuPage GIS Class, May 2022.

Bekker, Simon, and Goran Therborn, eds. Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness. HSRC Press, 2012.

Blue, Eva. Adjamé Market, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Photo, 15 Mar. 2019, https://unsplash.com/photos/4k-v1yGHoQ4.

chaouki. AIDS in Afrika. photo, 11 Apr. 2010. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/weltum/4508668799/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. New York: Zone Books, 2006.

Council on Foreign Relations. “South Africa’s Three Capitals.” Accessed October 8, 2021. https://www.cfr.org/blog/south-africas-three-capitals.

Dessus, Mathieu. Niger. December 21, 2006. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mathieudessus/358696205/.

Dexter, Tracy, and Philippe Ntahombaye. The Role of Informal Justice Systems in Fostering the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Situations. The Case of Burundi. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 2005.

Fisher, Max. “The Dividing of a Continent: Africa’s Separatist Problem.” The Atlantic, September 10, 2012. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/09/the-dividing-of-a-continent-africas-separatist-problem/262171/

Gramling, Carolyn. “Africa’s ‘Great Green Wall’ Could Have Far-Reaching Climate Effects.” Science News (blog), January 3, 2022. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/africa-great-green-wall-trees-sahel-climate-change.

Great Green Wall. “The Great Green Wall.”  https://www.greatgreenwall.org/about-great-green-wall.

lliance Sahel. “The Sahel Alliance.” 2021.  https://www.alliance-sahel.org/en/

étrangères, Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires. “G5 Sahel Joint Force and the Sahel Alliance.” France Diplomacy – Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. May 2020. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/security-disarmament-and-non-proliferation/crises-and-conflicts/g5-sahel-joint-force-and-the-sahel-alliance/

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Manirakiza, Marc. La Fin de La Monarchie Burundaise: (1992-1996). Paris: Le Mât de misaine, 1990.

Matthies, Fernando Reig. Seychelles. December 4, 2004. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/freig/6948558/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

McClintock, Elizabeth. Securing the space for political transition: The evolution of civil-military relations in Burundi. Ph.D. Dissertation Tufts University 2016. AS36 .F632 2015ME

_____. Traditional fishing boats in Burundi. Photo.

Morrison, Jim. “The ‘Great Green Wall’ Didn’t Stop Desertification, but It Evolved Into Something That Might.” Smithsonian Magazine. August 23, 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/great-green-wall-stop-desertification-not-so-much-180960171/.

Nahimana, Térence. Bashingantahe induction ceremony, Burundi. Photo. 17 April 2022.

Newbury, David. The Land Beyond the Mists: Essays on Identity and Authority in Pre-Colonial Congo and Rwanda . Athens, OH: Ohio University, 2009.

Ngaruko, F, and J Nkurunziza. “An Economic Interpretation of Conflict in Burundi.” Journal of African Economies 9, no. 3 (2000): 370–409.

Nindorera, Agnes. “Ubushingantahe as a Base for Political Transformation in Burundi.” In Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights, Vol. Working Paper No. 102/2003. Boston, 2003.

Nindorera, Louis-Marie. “Keepers of Peace: Reviving the Tradition of Bashingantahe in Burundi.” Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution 4, no. 1 (1998).

Ntahombaye , Philippe. The Bashingantahe Institution in Burundi: A Pluridisciplinary Study. Bujumbura, ISA/ASDI, 1999.

Nova, Leila. “Burundi.” Pixabay, June 23, 2017. https://pixabay.com/photos/view-tourism-africa-burundi-2434479/.

Payne, Rodger. “Joking Cousins.” The Duck of Minerva (blog), June 19, 2009. https://www.duckofminerva.com/2009/06/joking-coursins.html.

Pluck, Kevin. Whites Only. Photo, 30 July 2004. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/yaaaay/10142774/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

“Rwanda Genocide: 100 Days of Slaughter.” BBC News, 4 Apr. 2019. www.bbc.com, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506.

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United Nations. Djingareyber Mosque, Timbuktu. December 5, 2013. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/un_photo/15589474411/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

_____. “The Sahel: Land of Opportunities | Africa Renewal.” https://www.un.org/africarenewal/sahel

United Nations Chad. Dar Sila. April 24, 2012. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/unchad/15870731043/ .Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)

vanVliet, Nathalie. CIFOR. Bushmeat. photo, 22 Apr. 2014. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/cifor/36416431340/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Vreede, Lisa de. Sahara. photo, 13 July 2007. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ldevreeede/950849556/.

Wagner, Anton. “Burkina Faso.” Photo on Pixaby. May, 19, 2012. https://pixabay.com/photos/africa-afrique-burkina-faso-pottery-170206/

“WFP Burundi Country Brief, February 2022 – Burundi | ReliefWeb.” Accessed April 19, 2022. https://reliefweb.int/report/burundi/wfp-burundi-country-brief-february-2022.

Wiertz, Steve. South Africa. College of DuPage GIS class.

 

 

Southeast Asia

 

Banned Rambo Film Hot Property in Burma. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1579082/Banned-Rambo-film-hot-property-in-Burma.html.

Bragança de Carvalho, Mateus. Tonle Sap. photo, 24 September 2021. Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/4vLmnECJYRc .

Charting Overseas Chinese Families’ Wealth Prowess – DBS, EIU Study. https://www.wealthbriefing.com/html/article.php?id=192482#.YYQxxNbMKLs. Accessed 4 Nov. 2021.

Chen, Hu. Marina Bay Sands – Singapore. 6 May 2018, https://unsplash.com/photos/__cBlRzLSTg.

Chua, Amy. World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability. Doubleday, 2002.

Long, Simon. “The Overseas Chinese.” Prospect Magazine, 20 Apr. 1998, https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/theoverseaschinese.

“Economic Corridors in the Greater Mekong Subregion.” Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), 25 Aug. 2017, https://greatermekong.org/content/economic-corridors-in-the-greater-mekong-subregion.

Fedde, Arthur. Bangkok Traffic. Photo.

_____. Meal in Bangkok. Photo.

Freedom House. “Countries and Territories.” Accessed October 23, 2021. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores.

GDP per Capita – Worldometer. 2017. https://www.worldometers.info/gdp/gdp-per-capita/.

hangga, jonata. “Sea Logistic Icon – 4805740.” The Noun Project, https://thenounproject.com/icon/sea-logistic-4805740/.

Hays, Jeffrey. TONLE SAP | Facts and Details. https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Cambodia/sub5_2f/entry-3506.html. Accessed 6 June 2022.

History of Singapore, One World Nations Online, 2021, https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Singapore-history.htm.

How Giant African Rats Are Helping Uncover Deadly Land Mines in Cambodia. 2019. www.youtube.com, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxY3aEsesss.

Jarvis, Braden. Bangkok. Unsplash.” Photo. 9 July 2018. https://unsplash.com/photos/Q2gcswjLhS8.

Judeobasquelanguage. Improved Quality Timor-Leste Map. June 4, 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Improved_Quality_Timor_Leste_Map.png. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Keith.Fulton. Singapore. July 16, 2017. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/fultons/35910056116/. Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0).

Kunze, Gretchen A., et al. “In Laos: Land-Linked, Not Land-Locked.” The Asia Foundation, 27 Aug. 2008, https://asiafoundation.org/2008/08/27/in-laos-land-linked-not-land-locked/.

Kusuma, Afif. Jakarta. Unsplash. Photo. 20 May 2019. https://unsplash.com/photos/bYwiAUGM1zU.

“Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC.” OEC – The Observatory of Economic Complexity, https://oec.world/en/profile/country/lao.

“Laos by Linseed Studio from NounProject.com.” https://thenounproject.com/icon/laos-724434/.

Lighthouses of the Spratly Islands. https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/spr.htm.

“List of Countries by Human Development Index.” Wikipedia, 13 Mar. 2022. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index&oldid=1076914058.

Ntoumas, Antonios. Bali Woman. Bali, Indonesia: Pixabay, July 4, 2019. https://pixabay.com/photos/portrait-indonesia-bali-girl-woman-4314165/.

Obsidian Soul. “Coral Triangle.” In Wikipedia, July 16, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coral_Triangle&oldid=1098494607. Map derived from File:WorldMap-B with Frame.png (created from DEMIS Mapserver), CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons.

Popovic, Sasha. Laos. January 7, 2017. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/68637044@N05/31886363060/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

. Ray in Manila. Marina Bay, Financial District and Singapore River. photo, 3 July 2017. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/rayinmanila/35622190292/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Rivas, Coleen. Super Tree Grove at Gardens by the Bay – Singapore. 25 Oct. 2017, https://unsplash.com/photos/OZ2rS2zCjNo.

Robinson, Fiona. “Bali Remains Most Favoured Holiday Destination for Indonesians,” February 28, 2022. https://business.yougov.com/content/41260-bali-remains-most-favoured-destination-indonesia.

Seno-Alday, Sandra. “How Laos Is Overcoming Landlockedness and Bolstering Growth.” East Asia Forum, 5 Mar. 2021, https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/03/05/how-laos-is-overcoming-landlockedness-and-bolstering-growth/.

Statista. “China: Countries with the Largest Number of Overseas Chinese 2020.” Accessed November 4, 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/279530/countries-with-the-largest-number-of-overseas-chinese/.

Troutner, Allison. “Why Do Bubbles Pop?” HowStuffWorks, 22 June 2022, https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-do-bubbles-pop.htm.

UNIDO Statistics Data Portal. https://stat.unido.org/content/publications/competitive-industrial-performance-index-2020%253a-country-profiles?_ga=2.86059096.1187667958.1647554532-1672593690.1647554532.

Wiertz, Steve. Laos. College of DuPage GIS class, May 2022.

_____. Myanmar. College of DuPage GIS class, May 2022.

_____. Southeast Asia. College of DuPage GIS class, May 2022.

Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia. Species and Habitats. https://cambodia.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Tonle-Sap-Lake-Floodplain/Species-Habitats.aspx . Accessed 7 June 2022.

WorldAtlas. “Which Countries Have The Most Islands?,” October 5, 2020. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-have-the-most-islands.html.

“The World’s Least-Visited Countries — And Why You Should Check Them Out.” Accessed October 23, 2021. https://www.farandwide.com/s/least-visited-countries-a103798e095a4ea3.

Wright, Hannah. Mekong River. photo, 19 October 2019. Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/ir8rtrmLkEk.

zuki. Fishing. Photo. December 20, 2013. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/zuki12/11786686533/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

 

 

East Asia

 

“6 Facts about South Korea’s Growing Christian Population.” Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/08/12/6-facts-about-christianity-in-south-korea/.

Arendt, Jonathan. Japan and the Kuril Islands. College of DuPage GIS class. July 2022.

Baer, Drake. “Why South Korea Is the Plastic Surgery Capital of the World.” Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korea-is-the-plastic-surgery-capital-of-the-world-2015-9.

Berger, Alex. Zhangjiajie National Park. February 2, 2018. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/virtualwayfarer/27759205508/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0)

Buckle, Mark. “Black Cat, White Cat…” China Daily, 2 Aug. 2018, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/02/WS5b728ae4a310add14f385b4a.html.

Byond Travel. Hyatt Beijing China. Photo, 4 March 2020. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/byond-travel/49617456976/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. “South China Karst.” UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Accessed September 11, 2021. https://whc.unesco/org/en/list/1248/.

Chen, shinox. Tibet. Photo, 22 Aug. 2011. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/shinox/15214160484/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

chocogato. DMZ Korea. Photo, 2 May 2004. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/chocogato/478495564/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

Chow, Chapman. Johnston Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SAR, China. 12 June 2020, https://unsplash.com/photos/Yax3uuRP6Lo.

Eversden, Andrew. “As Pelosi Arrives in Taiwan, the Big Question Is If China’s ‘fire’ Rhetoric Is Just Hot Air.” Breaking Defense, 2 Aug. 2022, https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2022/08/as-pelosi-arrives-in-taiwan-the-big-question-is-if-chinas-fire-rhetoric-is-just-hot-air/.

“File:KarstterrainUSGS.Jpg – Wikimedia Commons.” Public Domain. Accessed September 11, 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KarstterrainUSGS.jpg. Figure 1 in Taylor, Charles J., and Earl A. Greene. “Hydrogeologic characterization and methods used in the investigation of karst hydrology.” US Geological Survey (2008). Chapter 3 of Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water, Edited by Donald O. Rosenberry and James W. LaBaugh, Techniques and Methods 4–D2. Available from USGS at https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04d02/pdf/TM4-D2-chap3.pdf.

hangga, jonata. “Sea Logistic Icon – 4805740.” The Noun Project, https://thenounproject.com/icon/sea-logistic-4805740/.

“Hong Kong.” Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/places/hong-kong/.

“Hong Kong’s History: From Backwater to Trading Metropolis.” France 24, 28 June 2022, https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220628-hong-kong-s-history-from-backwater-to-trading-metropolis.

Iwamoto, Kentaro. “Japan Readies ‘Last Hope’ Measures to Stop Falling Births.” Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/166ce9b9-de1f-4883-8081-8ec8e4b55dfb. February 22, 2023.

LEARN A LITTLE ABOUT TIBET. https://www.umass.edu/rso/fretibet/education.html. Accessed 10 June 2022.

The Legal Status of Tibet. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/legal-status-tibet. Accessed 10 June 2022.

“List of Countries by Real Population Density Based on Food Growing Capacity.” In Wikipedia, July 14, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_real_population_density_based_on_food_growing_capacity&oldid=1033504964.

Lo, Gyal. “The One Million Tibetan Children in China’s Boarding Schools.” New York Times, 15 Sept. 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/15/opinion/china-tibet-boarding-school.html.

Mikovic, Nikola. “Why Russia Will Not Return the Kuril Islands to Japan.” the interpreter, November 17, 2020. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/why-russia-will-not-return-kuril-islands-japan.

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. “Tao-Rusyr Caldera, Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands,” March 30, 2017. Attribution 2.0 Generic. https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/33582832762/.

Peter. Iturup Island. August 12, 2013. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) https://www.flickr.com/photos/acidka/16116034608/.

Ram, Prashant. The Taklamakan Desert. photo, 1 June 2013. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/stupid_dream/8863637977/. Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0)

Rankin, Stuart. Composite satellite image of the Taklamakan Desert. photo. 11 November 2015. Flickr. https://cod.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/89/2021/09/TaklamakanSatelliteStuartRankinFlickr-scaled.jpg . Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

Suzuki, Emi, and Haruna Kashiwase. The Curse of the Fire-Horse: How Superstition Impacted Fertility Rates in Japan. World Bank Blogs. 22 Jan. 2019, https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/curse-fire-horse-how-superstition-impacted-fertility-rates-japan.

W, Mike. Mount Everest Panorama. photo, 1 July 2007. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/squeakymarmot/931993774/.

Waddington, Rod. Li River. May 21, 2019. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rod_waddington/47898625751/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).

Wiertz, Steve. East Asia. College of DuPage GIS Class. May 2022.

_____. Japan. College of DuPage GIS class, May 2022.

_____. North and South Korea. College of DuPage GIS class. May 2022.

Wiesinger, Elsa. “Increasing Tensions In Russia-Japan Kuril Islands Dispute.” The Organization for World Peace, August 18, 2021. https://theowp.org/increasing-tensions-in-russia-japan-kuril-islands-dispute/.

Woo, David. 20111231_170051. photo, 31 Dec. 2011. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/mckln/6639929843/. Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0).

Yuan, Li. “‘Who Are Our Enemies?’ China’s Bitter Youths Embrace Mao.” The New York Times, 8 July 2021. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/business/china-mao.html.

Zhu, Simon. Hong Kong. Unsplash, 10 Sept. 2018, https://unsplash.com/photos/4hluhoRJokI.

 

 

South Asia

 

“1971 War: The Story of India’s Victory, Pak’s Surrender, Bangladesh Freedom.” Business Standard India, 16 Dec. 2018. Business Standard, https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/vijay-diwas-how-india-ended-pak-s-atrocities-and-ensured-freed-bangladesh-118121600120_1.html.

Allam, Ashish. HawaMahal, Jaipur , India. 18 February 2019. https://unsplash.com/photos/LVmwwo4I0As.

Asani: The First Cyclone of 2022. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/video/climate-change/asani-the-first-cyclone-of-2022-82026.

Bangladesh Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution Information | IQAir. https://www.iqair.com/bangladesh.

“Bangladesh: Number of Garment Factories.” Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/987697/bangladesh-number-garment-factories/.

Bass, Gary Jonathan. The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide. First Edition, Alfred A Knopf, 2013.

BBC – Religion: Sikhism. https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/. Accessed 4 July 2022.

Beekay. Jammu and Kashmir. Photo, 17 May 2021, https://unsplash.com/photos/GCVc7KSS_9U.

Beautiful World. “Thar Desert Facts & Information – Indian Desert Map | Travel Guide.” Facts & Information – Beautiful World Travel Guide, 4 Aug. 2018, https://www.beautifulworld.com/asia/india/thar-desert/.

Berg, Achim, et al. What’s next for Bangladesh’s Garment Industry, after a Decade of Growth? | McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/whats-next-for-bangladeshs-garment-industry-after-a-decade-of-growth.

Crow, Genevieve. Tourism in the Maldive Islands. College of DuPage GIS Class, July 2022.

Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. The South Asia Crisis and the Founding of Bangladesh, 1971. 25 Jan. 2008, https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/dr/99696.htm.

de Pril, Anniek. Raising a Daughter Is like Watering Your Neighbors’ Garden. Radboud University, 2008.

De, Prithu. JUTE. photo, 23 Mar. 2010. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/scorpioprithu/4821025383/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

Dhakar, Lokesh. Heritage Walk Plaque in Hindi. photo, 14 June 2010. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/lokesh/4706068635/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Every-leaf-that-trembles, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Ecoregion_IM1304.png

Foley, Michael. Indus River Delta. photo, 15 Jan. 2006. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelfoleyphotography/414191328/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2020. https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html.

GDP per Capita – Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/gdp/gdp-per-capita/.

Genani, Manoj. “The Thar Desert Blooms in Pakistan.” The Third Pole, https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/thar-desert-pakistan/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

GNH Centre Bhutan – A GNH Organization in Bhutan. https://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org/.

hangga, jonata. “Sea Logistic Icon – 4805740.” The Noun Project, https://thenounproject.com/icon/sea-logistic-4805740/.

History | District Kollam, Government of Kerala | India. https://kollam.nic.in/en/history/.

icddr,b’s Response to the Ongoing Massive Diarrhoea Outbreak in Dhaka and Matlab, icddr,b, 20 Apr. 2022, https://www.icddrb.org/news-and-events/news?id=890.

“Improving Punjab Irrigation: More Crops from Every Drop.” World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/04/18/improving-punjab-irrigation-more-crops-from-every-drop.

India Sex Ratio 2021 – StatisticsTimes.Com. https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/country/india-sex-ratio.php#:~:text=Gender%20ratio%20in%20India&text=In%202020%2C%20the%20sex%20ratio,to%2051.96%20percent%20male%20population.

Ishan @seefromthesky on Unsplash. “Oneva Jani, Noonu Atoll, Maldives.” https://unsplash.com/photos/DtWyp_4YEes. December 26, 2017.

Joanne. Bhutan. photo, 28 Oct. 2012. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/joannejc/8696675125/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Kabir, Iqbal, et al. “The 2017 Dhaka Chikungunya Outbreak.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 17, no. 11, Nov. 2017, p. 1118. www.thelancet.com, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30564-9.

Kadri, Meena. Supreme. January 15, 2011. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/meanestindian/6931594157/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Khalid, Adnan. Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan. Photo, 4 Dec. 2018, https://pixabay.com/photos/mosque-architecture-religion-islam-3850279/.

Koop, Avery. “Ranked: The Most and Least Livable Cities in 2022.” Visual Capitalist, August 11, 2022. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-the-most-and-least-livable-cities-in-2022/.

Kubota, Azusa. “Water and Climate Change | UNDP in Bhutan.” UNDP, 20 March 2020. https://www.bt.undp.org/content/bhutan/en/home/stories/water-and-climate-change.html.

Magramo, Kathleen. “7 Million in Bangladesh Need Aid after ‘Worst Floods in Memory,’ Red Cross Says.” CNN, https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/29/asia/bangladesh-floods-millions-urgent-relief-need-intl-hnk/index.html.

Mantero, Riccardo Maria. The Golden Temple. photo, 15 Aug. 2016. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ljsilver71/30283046092/.  Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

_____. Sikh Prayer. Photo, 15 Aug. 2016. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ljsilver71/30887403283/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Marchant, Natalie. World Economic Forum. “Threatened by Rising Sea Levels, the Maldives Is Building a Floating City.” May 19, 2021. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/05/maldives-floating-city-climate-change/.

Mosseby, Per. India: Sikh Taxi Driver. photo, 23 Mar. 2005. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/moz/7276647/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic(CC BY-SA 2.0).

Nabeel, Fazilda. “How India and Pakistan Are Competing over the Mighty Indus River.” Down to Earth, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/water/how-india-and-pakistan-are-competing-over-the-mighty-indus-river-63321.

“NFHS: Does India Really Have More Women than Men?” BBC News, 27 Nov. 2021. www.bbc.com, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59428011.

NordNordWest. “Malé.” Own work, using United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency dataWorld Data Base II data. April 2009. Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0), https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5094756.

Photos: Bangladesh’s Garment-Driven Economic Boom Killing Rivers. https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/6/22/photos-bangladeshs-garment-driven-economic-boom-killing-rivers.

Prince, Mike. Great Indian Bustard. Photo, 24 Nov. 2020. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikeprince/50862545631/.

Rajnoch, Armand. Bangladesh. photo, 25 Jan. 2015. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/armand_rajnoch/16229391869/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Rengadurai, Roehan. Manapad. Photo, 4 Oct. 2014. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamroehan/15717990640/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

_____. Monsoon. October 18, 2014. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamroehan/18789371942/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

Richard Masoner / Cyclelicious. Tamil Tigers Bicycle Platoon. Photo, 28 Oct. 2008. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/bike/2982504462/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).

Sick Cities: A Scenario for Dhaka City – International Institute for Global Health. https://iigh.unu.edu/publications/articles/sick-cities-a-scenario-for-dhaka-city.html.

Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People. http://www.sikhs.org/topics.htm.

Singer, Adam. Bhutan: Festival. photo, 28 Oct. 2017. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/77437968@N00/24643115448/. Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0).

“These Are the World’s ‘most’ and ‘Least’ Liveable Cities, Says a New Report.” Hindustan Times, 23 June 2022, https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/these-are-the-world-s-most-and-least-liveable-cities-101655959754718.html.

Travelbusy.com. Mount-Everest-Nepal. photo, 1 July 2017. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/travelbusy/35257755060/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

 

Central Asia

 

The Annual Flow of Source Rivers (the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya) into the Aral Sea. ResearchGate, Oct. 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-annual-flow-of-source-rivers-the-Amu-Darya-and-the-Syr-Darya-into-the-Aral-Sea_fig5_344460701.

Anzola, Francisco. Gur-e-Amir. 11 June 2015. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/fran001/18719314311/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

_____. Kyrgyz Bread. Photo, 14 Oct. 2019. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/fran001/48897869443/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

“Aral Sea: Big Fish Is Back in Small Pond.” Reuters, 1 June 2017. www.reuters.com, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-aral-idUSKBN18S4ZV.

The Aral Sea Crisis. http://www.columbia.edu/~tmt2120/introduction.htm.

“The Aral Sea: The Difficult Return of Water.” We Are Water, https://www.wearewater.org/en/the-aral-sea-the-difficult-return-of-water_322871.

Astana Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Kazakhstan) – Weather Spark. https://weatherspark.com/y/107257/Average-Weather-in-Astana-Kazakhstan-Year-Round.

Bachishin, Vladimir. “Nur-Sultan: A Long History of a New Capital.” The Astana Times(blog), September 17, 2021. https://astanatimes.com/2021/09/nur-sultan-a-long-history-of-a-new-capital/

“Behance.” Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.behance.net/gallery/35405681/The-Fergana-Valley-(1-map).

Blood, de:User:Kapitän Nemo; de:User:Captain. English:  One of the Versions (Probably, 1960s Vintage) of the Russian Northern Rivers Diversion Plan. The Scheme Depicted Involves Transfer of Water from the Yenisei into the Ob, and Piping Water Upstream from the Ob via Irtysh and Ishim, and Then a Canal, toward the Aral Sea. An Actual Implementation Would Also See a Canal Skirting the Aral Sea from the East (Not Shown on This Map), to Bring Water to the Syr Darya and Amu Darya. Russia. 14 Apr. 2007. File:Russland top.png, Wikimedia Commons,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Russland_Dawydow.PNG. Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported(CC BY-SA 3.0).

Boonman, Joseph G., and Sergei S. Mikhalev. Grassland of the World. https://www.fao.org/3/y8344e/y8344e0h.htm.

carylsue. “Once Written Off for Dead, the Aral Sea Is Now Full of Life.” National Geographic Education Blog, 21 Mar. 2018, https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/2018/03/21/once-written-off-for-dead-the-aral-sea-is-now-full-of-life/.

Chen, Dene-Hern. The Country That Brought a Sea Back to Life. BBC. 23 July 2018. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180719-how-kazakhstan-brought-the-aral-sea-back-to-life.

“Convoluted Borders Are Hampering Central Asian Integration.” The Economist, October 31, 2019. https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/10/31/convoluted-borders-are-hampering-central-asian-integration.

“Demographics of Azerbaijan.” Wikipedia, 9 June 2022. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Azerbaijan&oldid=1092374477.

Dunning, Sam. “China Is Protecting Its Thin Corridor to the Afghan Heartland.” Foreign Policy, 14 August 2021. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/08/14/china-afghanistan-wakhan-corridor-imperial-ambitions/.

Fakhamzadeh, Babak. Bayterek. December 8, 2016. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mastababa/30753501234/. Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.0).

falco. Public Market in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Photo, Pixabay, 27 Oct. 2019, https://pixabay.com/photos/uzbekistan-samarkand-central-asia-4579362/.

Foster, Kendrick. “The New Road to Conflict: Geopolitics of the Wakhan Corridor.” Harvard International Review, 5 Dec. 2019, https://hir.harvard.edu/wakhancorridor/.

Guillot, Michel, et al. “Understanding the ‘Russian Mortality Paradox’ in Central Asia: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan.” Demography, vol. 48, no. 3, Aug. 2011, pp. 1081–104, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315848/.

hangga, jonata. “Sea Logistic Icon – 4805740.” The Noun Project, https://thenounproject.com/icon/sea-logistic-4805740/.

Hofmann, Erin, and Guangqing Chi. “‘Bride Kidnapping’ Haunts Rural Kyrgyzstan, Causing Young Women to Flee Their Homeland.” The Conversation, http://theconversation.com/bride-kidnapping-haunts-rural-kyrgyzstan-causing-young-women-to-flee-their-homeland-158404.

How 15,000 Legendary Samarkand Bread Loaves Are Baked Daily in Uzbekistan | Big Batches. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUB6DyDY39g.

Imanaliyeva , Ayzirek. Kyrgyzstan Joins the List of Countries Favored by Russia’s Emigres. Eurasia net, 18 Mar. 2022, https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-joins-the-list-of-countries-favored-by-russias-emigres.

Jones, Adam. Panorama of Food Market – Bazaar – Fergana – Uzbekistan. July 10, 2012. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/adam_jones/7550984928/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Kaesong, Hotel. Türkmenbashi. Photo, 4 Apr. 2017. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/laika_ac/35810584461/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).

“Kazakh Steppe.” One Earth, https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/kazakh-steppe/.

Ken and Nyetta. Central Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Photo. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Downtown_Astana_pamorama.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.

Khan, Tore. Astana Panoramic. Photo. November 6, 2013. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/torekhan/10695124235/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Klimke, Andre. Apache Attack Helicopter in Approach in Afghanistan. Unsplash. 18 October 2020, https://unsplash.com/photos/-IhgLixx7Z8.

“Kyrgyzstan by clckw from the Noun Project.” The Noun Project, https://thenounproject.com/icon/kyrgyzstan-2335386/.

Luciano. Bukhara. October 7, 2012. Photo. https://www.flickr.com/photos/30208099@N00/8445725606/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Nasar, Rusi. “HOW THE SOVIETS MURDERED A SEA.” Washington Post, 4 June 1989. www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1989/06/04/how-the-soviets-murdered-a-sea/b4a1b9d7-44c7-4d09-9885-ddd29d1a447c/.

newsonline. Taliban. Photo, 11 June 2013. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/55361146@N08/9019774588/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Ninara. Astana. Photo. July 21, 2012. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ninara/8327420464/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

_____. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Photo. 19 July 2018. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ninara/44662807151/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

_____. Naryn River, Kyrgyzstan. Photo. July 14, 2018. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ninara/29473088427/. Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

Okawa, Aya. Tajik side of Wakhan Corridor. Photo, 2 Oct. 2006. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/73915179@N00/275122326/. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

OpenStreetMap. “Way: ‪Sarvak (Tajikistani Exclave) (‪133075633).” .https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/133075633.

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Scott, Paul. Table Mountain Cableway. Photo. December 16, 2011. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/paulscott56/6530307423/. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0).

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The Eastern World: Daily Readings on Geography Copyright © 2022 by Scott Campbell and Joel Quam is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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