Appendix 1: Instructions on How to Use Google Sheets

Create a Data Table

• Open Google Sheets
• First row and/or first column are conventionally the titles of your variables
  • The first cell in the row is the independent variable
  • The second cell in the row is the dependent variable
• Enter data into each cell accordingly to your headers/titles
• See example below:

Create a Graph with Standard Deviation Bars

• Select your data you wish to graph
• Select “Insert” and then “Chart”
• In Chart editor: Setup – Pick a chart type (bar, line, scatter, etc.)
• Add Standard Deviation bars
  • In Chart editor: Customize – Expand Series, check Error bars
  • Under type drop-down window, select Standard Deviation and type in the value
• Add graph title and axis titles
  • In Chart editor: Customize – Expand Chart & axis title
  • Under type drop-down window, select your title of interest
  • Under title text, type in your titles

Calculations

Allele frequency (Lab 10: Microevolution and Natural selection)

• Select an empty cell
• Type “= (number of individual with trait / total number of individuals in populations) * 100
• The value presented in the cell is the percentage of individuals (allele frequency) in the population.

Mean

• Select an empty cell
• Type “=Average” and drop-down window of functions will appear
• Select AVERAGE and Average(value1, [value2,…] will appear
• Select the range of data you want to calculate, and press enter
• The mean value will appear

Median

• Select an empty cell
• Type “=Median” and drop-down window of functions will appear
• Select MEDIAN and MEDIAN(value1, [value2,…] will appear
• Select the range of data you want to calculate, and press enter
• The median value will appear

Mode

• Select an empty cell
• Type “=Mode” and drop-down window of functions will appear
• Select MODE and MODE(value1, [value2,…] will appear
• Select the range of data you want to calculate, and press enter
• The mode value will appear

Standard Deviation (SD)

• Select an empty cell
• Type “=STDEV” and drop-down window of functions will appear
• Select STDEV and STDEV(value1, [value2,…] will appear
• Select the range of data you want to calculate, and press enter
• The SD value will appear