References
[1] Stuik, D. J. (1961) Classical Differential Geometry, Addison-Wesley
[2] Hass/Heil/Weir (2018) Thomas’ Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Pearson
[3] Four-Vertex Theorem Wikipedia
[4] Lipskie, L. (2022) A Slightly Stronger Result for Monotone Functions, College of DuPage Pressbooks